![]() ![]() ![]() Neuroimaging studies have shown the association between parkinsonian motor symptoms and various neurophysiological changes. Brain imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have provided useful insight to PD and, owing to recent technological advances, these methods enable us to have a better understanding of the impact of PD in the brain. Almost all PD patients experience non-motor symptoms and nonāmotor fluctuations over time (Schapira et al. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common of neurodegenerative disorders, and it is characterized by the symptoms bradykinesia, akinesia, resting tremor, impaired posture and balance, gait disturbance, and loss of automatic movements (Jankovic 2008).
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